Introduction

EPS (Earnings Per Share) and PAT (Profit After Tax) are closely related metrics, but they serve different purposes in gauging a company’s financial health. PAT forms the basis for calculating EPS, and any change in PAT tends to directly influence EPS—provided the number of shares remains unchanged.

What is PAT and EPS?

• PAT is the net profit left after deducting all expenses, interest, and taxes from total revenue; it represents the company’s actual profitability.
• EPS indicates the portion of the company’s PAT allocated to each outstanding share of equity, and is calculated as 
• EPS=PATNumber of outstanding ordinary shares
• EPS=
• Number of outstanding ordinary shares
• PAT
• .

The Direct Relationship

• When PAT increases (and shares stay constant), EPS also rises, making the stock more attractive to investors.
• If the number of shares increases (from bonus issues, new equity, stock options), EPS can decrease even if PAT grows, since EPS is calculated by dividing PAT by the number of shares.

Key Factors Affecting the Relationship

• Share issuance: More shares dilute EPS, even when PAT grows.
• Exceptional/one-time gains: These can raise PAT (and thus EPS) artificially, sometimes misleading investors about true profitability.
• Dividend and capital structure decisions: Choices around dividends, buybacks, or funding impact the number of shares, and thus, EPS interpretation.

Why Both Metrics Matter

Metric	Definition	Key Role
PAT	Net profit after all expenses/taxes	Measures real profitability for stakeholders
EPS	PAT divided by shares outstanding	Shows per-share profit for investors

An increase in PAT directly increases EPS only if the share count remains static, but dilution or exceptional items can complicate investor analysis, so both figures must be interpreted together for a comprehensive view of financial health.